DNA barcoding and morphological identification of spiny lobsters in South Korean waters: a new record of and .

To date, 19 species of spiny lobsters from the genus have been discovered, of which only , , , and have been documented in South Korean waters. In this study, we aimed to identify and update the current list of spiny lobster species that inhabit South Korean waters based on the morphological features and the phylogenetic profile of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Spiny lobsters were collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Jeju Island, South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The ML tree was used to determine the spiny lobster lineages, thereby clustering the 17 specimens collected in this study into clades A, B, C, and D, which were reciprocally monophyletic with , , , and , respectively. These clades were also supported by morphological examinations. Interestingly, morphological variations, including the connected pleural and transverse groove at the third abdominal somite, were observed in four specimens that were genetically confirmed as . This finding is novel within the taxonomical reports. Additionally, this study updates the documentation of spiny lobsters inhabiting South Korean waters as and were recorded for the first time in this region.