Purpose: To confirm whether encephalitis due to unknown causes but with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be associated with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and summarized the characteristics of three patients initially suspected of having intracranial infections with normal brain MRI, and ultimately tested positive for anti-MOG antibody.
Results: The three patients mainly presented with long-term fever accompanied by headaches and drowsiness. Auxiliary examinations showed obvious leukocytosis in peripheral blood and leukocytosis and increased protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); furthermore, brain MRI was normal. These findings suggested intracranial infection, especially bacterial meningitis. No patient showed a response to prolonged anti-bacterial therapy; however, they recovered with glucocorticoid therapy, which was prescribed after anti-MOG antibodies were detected in the serum and CSF samples.
Conclusion: Anti-MOG antibody detection should be performed early for patients with suspected encephalitis due to unknown causes with normal brain MRI, to identify whether they have MOG antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD).
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