Development of soil-less substrates capable of degrading organic nitrogen into nitrate as in natural soils.

Soil-less substrates are unable to catalyse nitrification because the addition of a high concentration of organic substances suppresses nitrification. We used a previously developed multiple parallel mineralization method, which enables the use of organic fertilizers in hydroponics, to support nitrification in soil-less substrates. In this method, microorganisms immobilized on porous substrates produced inorganic nitrate from organic substances, as in a natural soil. Phosphate and potassium ions were also released. Microorganisms produced nitrate from organic substances when immobilized on polyurethane resin, rockwool, vermiculite, oyster shell lime, and rice husk charcoal. The optimal amount of organic substance added daily to 100 mL of substrate held 6 mg of organic N. The optimal incubation temperature ranged from 25 to 42 °C. A high relative humidity (51% or higher) was more suitable than drier conditions (20%). The optimal amount of fish fertilizer added to the substrate was 6 mg organic N. The lower the C/N ratio of the organic substance, the better the result. Vegetable plants grew well on inoculated substrates but not on uninoculated substrates. These results show that soil-less substrates can be used to create artificial soils in which plants can be grown with the addition of organic fertilizer, as in a natural soil.