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Introduction: Differential item functioning (DIF) procedures flag examination questions in which examinees from different subpopulations who are of equal ability do not have the same probability of answering it correctly. Few medical certification boards employ DIF procedures because they do not collect the needed data on the examinee's race or ethnicity. This article summarizes the American Board of Family Medicine's (ABFM) combined use of DIF procedures and an expert panel to review certification questions for bias.
Methods: ABFM certification examination data from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed using a DIF procedure to flag questions with possible ethnic or racial bias. The flagged questions were reviewed by a racially and ethnically diverse panel of content experts. If the panel judged the source of the DIF was not clinically relevant for the practice of family medicine, the question was removed from the examination.
Results: Out of the 3487 questions analyzed, 374 unique questions (11%) were flagged by DIF procedures as potentially biased. Of the flagged questions, the review panel felt 4 should be removed for fairness.
Discussion: Using DIF procedures and panel review can improve the quality of the board certification questions and demonstrate the organization's commitment to avoid racial or ethnic bias.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.01.210208 | DOI Listing |
Appl Psychol Meas
December 2024
Nagoya University, Japan.
Many studies on differential item functioning (DIF) detection rely on single detection methods (SDMs), each of which necessitates specific assumptions that may not always be validated. Using an inappropriate SDM can lead to diminished accuracy in DIF detection. To address this limitation, a novel multi-detector combination (MDC) approach is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQual Life Res
December 2024
Center for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt für Psychosomatik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10097, Berlin, Germany.
Purpose: We investigated the validity of the German and Spanish translations of 35 new high functioning items added to the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Physical Function item bank 2.0. We assessed differential item functioning (DIF) between three general population samples from Argentina, Germany, and the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Background: Extensive research has examined the role of metabolism in lung disease development, yet a comprehensive literature review remains absent despite numerous publications.
Objective: This study aims to visualize and assess the advancements in research on metabolism and its role in lung diseases.
Methods: Publications from January 1, 1991, to April 30, 2024, related to lung diseases and metabolism were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.
Indian Dermatol Online J
October 2024
Department of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Oral mucosal lesions in pemphigus vulgaris may precede cutaneous lesions and can cause diagnostic confusion. Diagnosis can be made by histopathology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). DIF of the oral mucosa is an invasive procedure and difficult to perform in patients with severe mucosal ulcer, and studies have shown that BIOCHIP-IIF can be used to detect desmoglein 1 and 3 in the serum of patients with pemphigus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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