The rheology and foamability of crystal-melt suspensions composed of triacylglycerols.

The rheology of triacylglycerol (TAG) crystal-melt suspensions (CMSs) consisting of anhydrous milk fat (AMF), cocoa butter (CB), and palm kernel oil (PKO) as function of crystallization shear rate and crystal volume fraction is investigated by in-line ultrasound velocity profiling - pressure difference (UVP-PD) rheometry. Measurements up to = 8.8% are presented. Below the percolation threshold , no yield stress is observed and the viscosity scales linearly with . Above , a non-linear dependency of both and as function of is apparent. For AMF and CB, the increase in leads to a decrease in and as function of , whereas for PKO based CMSs the opposite is the case. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) relate these rheological findings to the microstructure of the investigated CMSs by taking the effective aspect ratio and the concept of the effective crystal volume fraction effSFC into account. Foam formation by dynamically enhanced membrane foaming (DEMF) is performed directly after crystallization and reveals that depending on the CMS rheology and crystallite-, crystallite cluster- and crystal floc microstructure, a wide range of gas volume fractions between 0.05-0.6 are achievable.