The development of WO based photocatalysts has gained considerable attention across the world, especially in the realm of environmental remediation and energy production. WO has a band gap of 2.5- 2.7 eV that falls under the visible region and is thus a potential candidate to utilize in various photocatalytic processes. As an earth-abundant metal oxide, WO discovered in 1976 displayed excellent electronic and morphological properties, good stability, and enhanced photoactivity with diverse crystal phases. Also, it unveils non-toxicity, high stability in drastic conditions, biocompatibility, low cost, excellent hole mobility (10 cm Vs), and tunable band gap. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different properties of WO inclusive of crystallographic, electrical, optical, thermoelectrical, and ferroelectric properties. The different morphologies of WO based on dimensions were obtained by adopting different fabrication methods including inspecting their effects on the efficiency of WO. Numerous strategies to construct an ideal photocatalyst such as engineering crystal facets, surface defects, doping, heterojunction formation explaining specifically type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme mechanisms with addition to carbonaceous based WO nanocomposites are summed up to explore the photocatalytic performance. The typical application of WO is deliberated in detail involving the role and efficiency of WO in pollutant degradation, CO photoreduction, and water splitting. Besides, other applications of WO as gas-sensor, bio-sensor, decomposition of VOCs, heavy metals ions adsorption, and antimicrobial property are also included. Moreover, the numerous aspects responsible for the high efficiency of WO-based nanocomposites with their challenges, opportunities, and future aspects are summarized. Hopefully, this review may inspire researchers to explore new ideas to boost the production of clean energy for the next generation.
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