Hovenia Monofloral Honey can Attenuate Mediated Biofilm Formation and Inflammation.

We evaluated the anti-biofilm formation and anti-inflammatory activity of Hovenia monofloral honey (HMH) against . Co-culture of HMH with attenuated the biofilm formation of on a polystyrene surface. In addition, HMH effectively eradicated the established biofilm. HMH significantly attenuated growth but did not affect the production of extracellular polymeric substances on , indicating that reduction of biofilm is a result of HMH-mediated killing of . Furthermore, we found that HMH can effectively attenuate -induced expression of a proinflammatory interleukin-8 (IL-8) in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, treatment of HMH significantly attenuated the -mediated expression of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and its adaptor molecules, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), in HT-29 cells. In addition, -induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by HMH administration. Furthermore, HMH-mediated anti-inflammatory efficacy (0.2 mg/mL of HMHs) had an equal extent of inhibitory efficacy as 5 μM of MyD88 inhibitor to attenuate mediated IL-8 expression in HT-29 cells. These results suggest that HMH could effectively inhibit -mediated gastrointestinal inflammation through regulating the TLR-2/MyD88/MAPKs signaling pathways. Collectively, our data suggest that HMH could be developed as a potential natural agent to control -mediated biofilm formation and inflammation.