Higher gastric parietal cell antibody titer significantly increases the frequencies of macrocytosis, serum vitamin B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

Background/purpose: Our previous study found 109 gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA)-positive burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients (so-called GPCABMS patients in this study) in a group of 884 BMS patients. This study evaluated whether high-titer (GPCA titer ≥ 160) GPCABMS patients had greater frequencies of macrocytosis, anemia, serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia than low-titer (GPCA titer < 160) GPCABMS patients or 442 healthy control subjects.

Materials And Methods: Complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 42 high-titer GPCABMS patients, 67 low-titer GPCABMS patients, and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.

Results: We found that 33.3%, 38.1%, 19.0%, 33.3%, 2.4%, and 57.1% of 42 high-titer GPCABMS patients and 10.4%, 25.4%, 14.9%, 6.0%, 1.5%, and 11.9% of 67 low-titer GPCABMS patients were diagnosed as having macrocytosis, blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively. Moreover, both 42 high-titer and 67 low-titer GPCABMS patients had significantly greater frequencies of macrocytosis, blood hemoglobin, serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia than 442 healthy control subjects (all -values < 0.001). In addition, 42 high-titer GPCABMS patients also had greater frequencies of macrocytosis, serum vitamin B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia than 67 low-titer GPCABMS patients (all -values < 0.01).

Conclusion: The high-titer GPCABMS patients have significantly greater frequencies of macrocytosis, anemia, serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia than healthy control subjects and significantly greater frequencies of macrocytosis, serum vitamin B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia than low-titer GPCABMS patients.