Short- and long-term predictive power of the preoperative Geriatric Assessment components in older cancer patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgery.

Introduction: The pathological stage of the cancer and presence of postoperative complications are the most important predictors of survival in older oncologic patients. Therefore, determining biological age, and risks connected with it, should be the key factor in the preoperative assessment. It may be accomplished by using a Geriatric Assessment (GA). However, it is not established which components are most useful for predicting short- and long-term postoperative outcomes in cancer patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgery.

Materials And Methods: A total of 334 consecutive cancer patients aged ≥70 years underwent elective abdominal surgery and were followed-up prospectively for 12 months. The preoperative GA consisted of eight domains: functional, physical activity, comorbidity, polypharmacotherapy, nutritional, cognition, mood, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the predictive ability.

Results: All components of GA were independent risk factors of 30-day major morbidity apart from ADL, BOMC, Polypharmacy (OR 0.6-1.3; p < 0.001). However, ADL, TUG, the polypharmacy and the MOS-SSS turned out to be significant predictors of 30-day mortality (OR 0.72-1.46; p < 0.001). In turn, only ADL, CDT and MOS-SSS were valid predictors of 12-months mortality (OR 0.46-0.85; p < 0.001). Frailty (surrogate of the biological age), not the chronological age, were also independent predictors of all outcomes (OR 4.71-8.56 p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Not the chronological age but components of GA and frailty are significant predictors of both 30-day postoperative outcome and 12-months mortality in older cancer patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgery.