Amphiphilic Block Copolymers-Guided Strategies for Assembling Nanoparticles: From Basic Construction Methods to Bioactive Agent Delivery Applications.

Over recent decades, amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) comprising both hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments within their covalently bound structure have been extensively investigated from basic science to various biomedical applications. Nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled from ABCs have been a center of interest for controlled delivery of various therapeutic drugs, genes, proteins, and imaging agents for decades and continue to attract attention owing to their unique physical and biological properties. In this Spotlight on Applications, we review and summarize recent optimized preparation techniques in the fabrication of "drugs"-loaded NPs from ABCs based on our group progress. These techniques can be categorized into four types including (i) emulsification and solvent evaporation, (ii) double emulsification and solvent evaporation, (iii) nanoprecipitation, and (iv) film dispersion. By selecting proper techniques, bioactive agents with different properties could be incorporated into the NPs either alone or in a combination pattern. We analyze the parameters of various techniques and specifically we highlight the improvements on the improved techniques to simultaneously coload both hydrophilic/hydrophobic drugs and therapeutic nucleic acids in the single NPs. These techniques will allow researchers to select proper methods in designing "drugs"-loaded NPs from ABCs.