Highly Permeable Gelatin/Poly(lactic acid) Fibrous Scaffolds with a Three-Dimensional Spatial Structure for Efficient Cell Infiltration, Mineralization and Bone Regeneration.

Three-dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds allowing sufficient cell infiltration are urgently needed for bone tissue engineering. In this study, a highly permeable 3D interconnected scaffold was fabricated by surface bonding of cotton-like nonwoven fibers with micro- and nanoscale architecture using gaseous chloroform. The results of physiochemical characterization indicated that bonding for 90 min with a fiber density of 0.15 g/cm could facilitate satisfactory porosity, supportive mechanical properties, and a 3D spatial microstructure for cell ingrowth. Coating with gelatin on the fibers induced highly efficient in vitro mineralization and in vivo bone formation as indicated by mineral deposition and repair of rabbit radius bone defect. The findings from this work demonstrated that these biofunctionalized fibrous scaffolds could bionically represent topographic nanofeatures and biological composition for cell binding affinities similar to those of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). It can be concluded that the facile fabrication and modification strategy of 3D fibrous scaffolds exhibit promising prospect to fulfill the progressive needs in bone tissue engineering.