Rigid polyurethane foams (RPURF) containing a bio-polyol from rapeseed oil and different phosphorus-based flame retardants were obtained. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), dimethyl propane phosphonate (DMPP) and cyclic phosphonates Addforce CT 901 (20 parts per hundred polyol by weight) were used in the synthesis of RPURF. The influence of used flame retardants on foaming process, cell structure, and physical-mechanical properties as well as flammability of RPURF were examined. The addition of flame retardants influenced the parameters of the cellular structure and decreased compressive strength. All obtained foam materials had a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which allows them to be used as thermal insulation. The research results of bio-based RPURF were compared with foams obtained without bio-polyol. All modified materials had an oxygen index above 21 vol%; therefore, they can be classified as self-extinguishing materials. The analysis of parameters obtained after the cone calorimeter test showed that the modified RPURF have a lower tendency to fire development compared to the reference foams, which was particularly noticeable for the materials with the addition of DMPP.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8747242 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010102 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
An innovative method for preparing durable flame-retardant cotton fabrics using tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate without specialized equipment.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. Electronic address:
In this study, two phosphorus-based flame retardants diethylenetriamine trimethyl diphosphonate lysine (APTA) and a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate prepolymer with urea (DUPT) were synthesized. The structures of these compounds were characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that DUPT crosslinked APTA onto cellulose, which was pre-processed with diethylenetriamine dipropylene oxide (NAED) to introduce NH groups through PCN bonds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Mechanism of Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants TCIPP (Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate) and TCEP Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate and Their Hazardous Effects on Biological Systems.
Metabolites
December 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
TCIPP (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate) and TCEP (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate) are organophosphate ester flame retardants found in various consumer products, posing significant health and environmental risks through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. Research reveals these compounds cause oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and potentially hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, developmental, reproductive, and immunotoxicity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicological mechanisms of TCIPP and TCEP and presents the latest data on their toxicological effects obtained in vitro and in vivo, using omic systems, and on the basis of computational modelling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA framework for assessing microbial degradation of organophosphate ester plasticizers in seawater.
Chemosphere
December 2024
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
The assessment of persistence of organic pollutants in seawater is limited by the lack of user-friendly, quick protocols for assessing one of their main sinks, degradation by marine bacteria. Here we present an experimental workflow to identify organic pollutants degradation, taking organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs-FR-PL), as a model family of synthetic chemicals released into the marine environment that are particularly widespread due to their persistence and semi-volatile nature. The proposed novel workflow combines culture-dependent techniques, solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, with quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses in order to identify marine bacterial isolates with the potential to degrade OPEs-FR-PL in the marine environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTarget and Nontarget Analysis of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in a River Impacted by Industrial Activity in Eastern China.
Environ Sci Technol
December 2024
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Industrial activities are a major source of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers in aquatic environments. This study investigated the distribution of 40 OPFRs in a river impacted by major industrial manufacturing plants in Eastern China by target analysis. Nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry was further employed to identify novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Flame Retardants (NFRs) in E-waste: Environmental burdens, health implications, and recommendations for safety assessment and sustainable management.
Toxicology
December 2024
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany; Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels-Belgium.
Novel flame retardants (NFRs) have emerged as chemicals of environmental health concern due to their widespread use as an alternative to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in electrical and electronic devices. Humans and ecosystems are under threat because of e-waste recycling procedures that may emit NFRs and other anthropogenic chemicals into the e-waste workplace and the surrounding environment. The individual toxicity of NFRs including novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), their combined effects and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity have remained poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!