AI Article Synopsis

  • - Immune cell reconstitution after stem cell transplantation occurs in stages, with innate immune cells recovering quickly and adaptive immune cells, like T and B cells, taking months.
  • - In a study involving haploidentical stem cell transplantation with T cell depletion, researchers found early reconstitution of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) just 14 days post-transplant, even before T cells were detected.
  • - These early ASCs secreted isotypes IgM and IgA, suggesting a role in innate immunity, and were linked to a specific B cell population without the influence of T cell factors.

Article Abstract

Immune cell reconstitution after stem cell transplantation is allocated over several stages. Whereas cells mediating innate immunity recover rapidly, adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells, recover slowly over several months. In this study we investigated kinetics and reconstitution of de novo B cell formation in patients receiving CD3 and CD19 depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation with additional in vivo T cell depletion with monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody. This model enables a detailed in vivo evaluation of hierarchy and attribution of defined lymphocyte populations without skewing by mTOR- or NFAT-inhibitors. As expected CD3 T cells and their subsets had delayed reconstitution (<100 cells/μL at day +90). Well defined CD19 B lymphocytes of naïve and memory phenotype were detected at day +60. Remarkably, we observed a very early reconstitution of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) at day +14. These ASC carried the HLA-haplotype of the donor and secreted the isotypes IgM and IgA more prevalent than IgG. They correlated with a population of CD19 CD27 CD38 CD138 cells. Of note, reconstitution of this ASC occurred without detectable circulating T cells and before increase of BAFF or other B cell stimulating factors. In summary, we describe a rapid reconstitution of peripheral blood ASC after CD3 and CD19 depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation, far preceding detection of naïve and memory type B cells. Incidence before T cell reconstitution and spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulins allocate these early ASC to innate immunity, eventually maintaining natural antibody levels.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745805PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010270DOI Listing

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