Bioactive PKS-NRPS Alkaloids from the Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungus .

A novel hybrid PKS-NRPS alkaloid, xylarialoid A (), containing a 13-membered macrocyclic moiety and [5,5,6] fused tricarbocyclic rings, together with ten known cytochalasins (-), was isolated from a plant-derived endophytic fungus, . The chemical structures of all compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HR ESIMS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds - and exhibited significant antitumor activities against A549 and Hep G2 cell lines, with IC values of 3.6-19.6 μM. In addition, compound showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC, 6.6 μM).