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Longevity of antibody responses is associated with distinct antigen-specific B cell subsets early after infection.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Introduction: Upon infection, T cell-driven B cell responses in GC reactions induce memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells that secrete protective antibodies. How formation of specifically long-lived plasma cells is regulated via the interplay between specific B and CD4+ T cells is not well understood. Generally, antibody levels decline over time after clearance of the primary infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeriodic mesoporous organosilica-loaded mincle agonists enhance the immunogenicity of COVID-19 subunit vaccines by dual activation of B cells and dendritic cells.
Acta Biomater
December 2024
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address:
Effective vaccination is crucial for intervening in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with the continuous mutation of the SARS-CoV-2, existing vaccines including subunit vaccines cannot effectively prevent virus infections. Hence, there is an urgent need to enhance the immunogenicity of existing vaccines to induce a more potent and durable immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.
Med Microbiol Immunol
December 2024
Immunology Section, Molecular Immuno-Biology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: While the general immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well-understood, the long-term effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2) co-infection on the immune system remain unclear. This study investigates the immune response in people with HIV-1 (PWH) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 to understand its long-term health consequences.
Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of PWH with suppressed viral load and SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted.
Protocol to evaluate virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by spectral flow cytometry.
STAR Protoc
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China. Electronic address:
T cell responses play an important role in viral clearance and prevention of infection. Here, we present a protocol to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses using spectral flow cytometry. We describe steps for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) thawing and stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide pools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubunit protein CD40.SARS.CoV2 vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2-specific stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France. Electronic address:
Background: Ideally, vaccination should induce protective long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. Current licensed COVID-19 mRNA vaccines focused on the spike (S) region induce neutralizing antibodies that rapidly wane.
Methods: Herein, we show that a subunit vaccine (CD40.
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