Navigating Hemostasis of Bleeding Among Children With β-Thalassemia.

Bleeding phenotype is reported in β-thalassemia patients. However, the underlying etiology remains elusive. We aimed to assess coagulation profile and the platelet aggregation in β-thalassemia children with bleeding diathesis. Fifty β-thalassemia children with a positive bleeding history were recruited. Bleeding phenotype was explored through full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Complete blood count, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and platelets aggregometry were performed for children with negative workup. Mucosal bleeding was manifest among most of our patients (96%). Two-third of patients had decreased aggregation with ristocetin (68%), adenine di-phosphate (64%), and arachidonic acid (64%). While half of the patients (48%) had deficient response to epinephrine. Collagen, ristocetin, and arachidonic acid induced aggregation were negatively correlated to frequency of blood transfusion (P=0.021, r=-0.325; P<0.001, r=-0.465; P=0.018, r=-0.333, respectively). Aggregation to collagen and epinephrine demonstrated a negative correlation with age (P=0.04, r=-0.287; P=0.03, r=-0.315). Deferiprone was associated with a deficient response to ristocetin and collagen when compared with deferasirox or no chelation (P=0.021 and 0.006, respectively). Impaired ristocetin response was linked to hydroxyurea (P=0.035). Platelets function defect should be considered in β-thalassemia patients with bleeding symptoms.