Introduction: Dual-process theory characterizes clinical reasoning (CR) as Type 1 (intuitive) and Type 2 (analytical) thinking. This study examined CR on a summative clinical clerkship structured clinical oral examination (SCOE).
Methods And Subjects: 511 clinical clerks at the University of Toronto underwent SCOEs. Type 1, Type 2, and Global CR performance were compared to other internal medicine clerkship assessments using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations.
Results: Clinical clerks achieved mean marks >75% on the three clinical reasoning stations, on Type 1 and 2 CR tasks, and the overall SCOE. Performance on the SCOE CR stations correlated with each of the other clerkship assessments: written examination, inpatient, and ambulatory clinic assessments. The correlation of performance between Type 1 and Type 2 clinical reasoning tasks was statistically significant but weak ( = 0.28). This suggests that defined measures of Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning were indeed assessing distinct constructs.
Conclusion: Clinical clerks used both Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning with success. This study's characterization of Type 1 and Type 2 CR as separate domains, distinct from existing measures on the SCOE as well as the other clerkship assessments, can suggest a further addition to multimodal clerkship assessment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2021.2020230 | DOI Listing |
Ann Plast Surg
January 2025
Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
Background: Postoperative complications in body contouring surgery have been linked to several factors, including body mass index, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and skin resection weight. Prior weight loss by surgical means is another predisposing factor for postoperative complications following body contouring. This study aims to examine these previously identified variables, and several others, in the context of a spectrum of abdominal body contouring techniques following bariatric surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
December 2025
Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, treatment options unsatisfactory and disease development difficult to predict for individual patients. Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and disruption of the biological clock have been implicated and studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we examine the relationship of IBD to biological clock and gut microbiota by using the IL-10 deficient () mouse model for microbiota-dependent spontaneous colitis in combination with altered (4 h/4 h) light/dark cycles to disrupt and time-restricted feeding (TRF) to restore circadian rhythmicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab J
January 2025
NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Background: In acute and chronic renal inflammatory diseases, the activation of inflammatory cells is involved in the defect of erythropoietin (EPO) production. Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein-4 (RasGRP4) promotes renal inflammatory injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of RasGRP4 in the production of renal EPO in diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Plast Surg
January 2025
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Although primary tumors of the brachial plexus (BP) are rare, schwannomas are the most frequently encountered type. This study evaluated the clinicopathological presentation, surgical outcomes, and prognosis of patients with BP schwannomas.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane on the 25th of March 2024.
Obes Rev
January 2025
Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Background: There is limited evidence and clinical guidelines on the behavior change support required for low-calorie diet programs. This systematic review aimed to establish the behavior change technique(s) (BCT) implemented in weight loss interventions (≤1200 kcal/d) and how these contribute to effectiveness.
Methods: Databases were searched from inception to April 2022.
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