Porous SiO nanospheres were modified with different loadings of ZrO to obtain catalysts with a Si/Zr molar ratio from 2.5 to 30. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, N adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and pyridine and 2-6-dimethylpyridine thermoprogrammed desorption. The characterization of these catalysts has revealed that a high proportion of Zr favors the formation of Lewis acid sites, which are implied in catalytic transfer hydrogenation processes, whereas the low Brönsted acidity promotes a dehydration reaction, being possible to give rise to a large variety of products from furfural through consecutive reactions, such as furfuryl alcohol, i-propyl furfuryl ether, i-propyl levulinate, and γ-valerolactone, in a range of temperature of 110-170 °C and 1-6 h of reaction.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02848 | DOI Listing |
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