Comparison of two-lung and one-lung ventilation in bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a retrospective study.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease, and early thymectomy is recommended. Since the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the safety and effectiveness of carbon dioxide insufflation in the thoracic cavity (capnothorax) has been controversial. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of ventilation methods in bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy (BVET) with capnothorax.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with MG who underwent BVET between August 2016 and January 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: group D (n = 26) for one-lung ventilation and group S (n = 28) for two-lung ventilation. We set nine anesthesia time points (T0-T8) and collected respiratory and hemodynamic variables, including arterial O2 index (PaO2/FiO2).

Results: SpO2 at T1-T3 and T8 was significantly lower in group D than in group S. The FiO2 in group S was lower than that in group D at all time points. The number of PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 events was significantly higher in group D than in group S. Hemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point. The duration of surgery and anesthesia was shorter in group S than in group D.

Conclusions: This retrospective study suggests that anesthesia using two-lung ventilation during BVET with capnothorax is a safe and effective method to improve lung oxygenation and reduce anesthesia time.