FN1 produces an inhibitory substance that affects competition for nodule occupancy.

Bacteriocins are narrow-spectrum antibiotics of bacterial origin that can affect competition in resource-limited environments, such as the rhizosphere. Therefore, bacteriocins may be good candidates for manipulation to generate more competitive inocula for soybean. In this study, FN1, along with other Bradyrhizobia in our culture collection, was screened for bacteriocin-like activity. Five distinct inhibitory effects were observed. FN1 genes putatively involved in bacteriocin production were computationally identified. These genes were mutagenized, and the subsequent strains were screened for loss of inhibitory activity. Mutant strain BRJ-48, with an insert in , displayed a loss of ability to inhibit an indicator strain. This loss can be complemented by the introduction of a plasmid expressing . The strain carrying the mutation did not affect competition in broth cultures but was less competitive for nodule occupancy. Annotation suggests that encodes a carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase; however, the direct contribution of how this enzyme contributes to inhibiting the tester strain remains unknown.