AI Article Synopsis
- Mammals use both immediate and anticipatory responses to adapt to environmental changes, primarily through acute signaling pathways and the circadian clock.
- Oxygen sensing via the HIF-1 pathway is crucial for the acute response to oxygen level changes, while the circadian clock regulates daily rhythms in physiology and behavior.
- Recent research highlights the interaction between these two systems, showing that daily oxygen fluctuations can reset the circadian clock and that the clock also influences how organisms respond to low oxygen conditions.
Article Abstract
In mammals, physiology and metabolism are shaped both by immediate and anticipatory responses to environmental changes through the myriad of molecular mechanisms. Whilst the former is mostly mediated through different acute signalling pathways the latter is primarily orchestrated by the circadian clock. Oxygen is vital for life and as such mammals have evolved different mechanisms to cope with changes in oxygen levels. It is widely accepted that oxygen sensing through the HIF-1 signalling pathway is paramount for the acute response to changes in oxygen levels. Circadian clocks are molecular oscillators that control 24 hours rhythms in various aspects of physiology and behaviour. Evidence emerging in recent years points towards pervasive molecular and functional interactions between these two pathways on multiple levels. Daily oscillations in oxygen levels are circadian clock-controlled and can reset the clock through HIF-1. Furthermore, the circadian clock appears to modulate the hypoxic response. We review herein the literature related to the crosstalk between the circadian clockwork and the oxygen-signalling pathway in mammals at the molecular and physiological level both under normal and pathologic conditions.
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