Identifying and Aligning Ecosystem Services and Beneficiaries Associated with Best Management Practices in Chesapeake Bay Watershed.

Ecosystem restoration may require implementing programs or best management practices (BMPs) in areas that are geographically far from the target ecosystem. Stakeholders in these areas may feel disconnected from the target ecosystem or may not have a clear understanding of local benefits from implemented practices. To achieve widespread participation in restoration efforts, it is important to engage stakeholders located where BMPs need to be implemented to identify and consider their local priorities and impacts. Here, we demonstrate use of a structured decision-making approach to identify ecosystem services associated with BMPs in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and connect them with the priorities of stakeholders they benefit. We follow a four-step approach to define the bounds of the decision context, identify ecosystem services and beneficiaries relevant to that decision context, engage stakeholders to understand priorities, and identify potential metrics and indicators. Our approach highlights the utility of different tools, such as ecosystem service classification systems and the Final Ecosystem Goods and Services (FEGS) Scoping Tool, in engaging stakeholders to identify, communicate, and prioritize ecosystem services. The results demonstrate a method by which to connect large-scale regional restoration efforts, and the managers overseeing such efforts, with the priorities of local communities where programs will be implemented. This work will help Chesapeake Bay restoration partners identify and promote management actions that will provide the most value for communities throughout the watershed, while also benefiting restoration of Chesapeake Bay.