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Chronic sleep deprivation disturbs energy balance modulated by suprachiasmatic nucleus efferents in mice.

BMC Biol

December 2024

Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China.

Background: Epidemiologic researches show that short sleep duration may affect feeding behaviors resulting in higher energy intake and increased risk of obesity, but the further mechanisms that can interpret the causality remain unclear. The circadian rhythm is fine-tuned by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the master clock, which is essential for driving rhythms in food intake and energy metabolism through neuronal projections to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN).

Results: We showed that chronic SD-induced aberrant expressions of AgRP/NPY and POMC attributed to compromised JAK/STAT3 signals and reduced energy expenditure in the mice, which can be rescued with AAV-genetic overexpression of BMAL1 into SCN.

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We aimed to investigate the mechanism of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the accelerated fracture healing process during Traumatic brain injury (TBI). The lateral ventricles of mice in the TBI model group were injected with adenovirus-packaged short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-HMGB1 or overexpressing (ov)-HMGB1 vector. We found HMGB1 levels were higher in bone tissue at the fracture end of TBI combined with fracture model mice.

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Demands for animal products are projected to increase in the future, and animal production is key to agricultural sustainability and food security; consequently, enhancing ruminant livestock production efficiencies in sustainable ways is a major goal for the livestock industry. Developmental programming is the concept that various stressors, including compromised maternal nutrition during critical developmental windows will result in both short- and long-term changes in the offspring. Ruminant models of developmental programming indicate that compromised maternal nutrition, including global under and over-nutrition, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients, including amino acids (Met and Arg), vitamins (folate, B, and choline), and minerals (sulfur, cobalt, and selenium) can alter offspring outcomes.

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Aims: This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of exosomes derived from Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (Exo) in a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) mouse model.

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The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays a crucial role in human health and disease, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Chronic inflammation is a common feature of these diseases and is closely related to angiogenesis (the process of forming new blood vessels), which is often dysregulated in pathological conditions. Inflammation potentially acts as a central mediator.

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