One of the factors that affect the health of the people is the socioeconomic class. One of the widely used scales for measuring socioeconomic status is the Kuppuswamy scale originally developed in 1976. It must be updated with time as it takes family income into account. The revision of income can be done by using Consumer price index for industrial workers. Conversion factors were given by earlier researchers whenever the base year changed to update the scale. Since the base year has now been changed to 2016, we are giving conversion factor to be multiplied with income categories of 2001 to get the updated scale. We have shown how to calculate the conversion factors and when they are required. We have deducted a conversion factor of 3.26 which is to be multiplied with income categories of 2001 to get the updated scale for February 2021.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1108_21 | DOI Listing |
Front Plant Sci
January 2025
Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine Key Laboratory, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Light provides the necessary energy for plant photosynthesis, which allows plants to produce organic matter and energy conversion, during plant growth and development. Light provides material energy to plants as the basis for cell division and differentiation, chlorophyll synthesis, tissue growth and stomatal movement, and light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality play important roles in these processes. There are several regulatory mechanisms involved in sugar metabolism in plants, and light, as one of the regulatory factors, affects cell wall composition, starch granules, sucrose synthesis, and vascular bundle formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
January 2025
Research Institute, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Background: Oncologic outcomes of conversion surgery for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) have scarcely been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of conversion surgery with preoperative treatment of FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (GnP) for patients with advanced PC including locally advanced or metastatic PC.
Methods: Using the National Health Insurance database between 2005 and 2020, we identified patients who underwent conversion surgery after chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX or GnP for advanced PC.
J Hip Preserv Surg
December 2024
Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Dehradun 249203, India.
Osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) can be a debilitating disease, for which numerous salvage surgeries have been popularized to halt its progression. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of a single-incision core decompression (CD) technique using trochanteric autograft in ONFH and to determine the prognostic factors of treatment success. Sixty-six hips (41 patients) of Association Research Circulation (ARCO) 1 and 2 ONFH undergoing CD were included in the study with a mean follow-up of 58 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Sens
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States.
Wearable sensors are increasingly being used as biosensors for health monitoring. Current wearable devices are large, heavy, invasive, skin irritants, or not continuous. Miniaturization was chosen to address these issues, using a femtosecond laser-conversion technique to fabricate miniaturized laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensor arrays on and encapsulated within a polyimide substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-road 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
Electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation (EHDO) is a promising approach for upgrading biomass-derived bio-oils to sustainable fuels without the use of high-pressure hydrogen gas and elevated temperatures. However, direct EHDO for realistic hydrophobic lignin-based oil production remains challenging. Herein, we discuss the molecular dynamics that govern the EHDO of lignin bio-oil over Pt/C in an acidic electrolyte added with 2-propanol or a surfactant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!