Severe polymicrobial and fungal periprosthetic osteomyelitis persisting after hip disarticulations treated with caspofungin in risk patients: a case series.

Background: Periprosthetic fungal infections are considered rare and opportunistic infections. Treatment is difficult, and established standards do not yet exist. The choice of the appropriate antifungal drug might affect the patient outcome.

Cases: All the three cases presented showed polybacterial recurrent infection of the revision hip arthroplasty. All patients were of younger age, had multiple revisions of the endoprosthesis, each had a large partial femoral replacement greater than 40% of the femoral length, gentamycin-loaded cement, and a long anchoring distance of the used intramedullary stem. Due to the severe life-threatening infection with deep osteomyelitis, an amputation had to be performed. However, despite surgical intervention, the fungal dominated infection persisted. Finally, only the use of caspofungin allowed permanent infection control.

Conclusion: The polybacterial infection is driven by the symbiosis between fungi and bacteria. Therefore, eradication of the fungus is required to achieve elimination of the bacteria. Antimycotics of the echinocandin-class, such as caspofungin, may be considered as initial treatment.