AI Article Synopsis
- In medical imaging, it's important to weigh the benefits against the risks, especially when using procedures like mammograms to check for breast cancer.
- Mammograms have helped save many lives, with a high survival rate for breast cancer and decreasing deaths among screened women, but there is debate on the best age groups to screen.
- Even though mammograms use a small amount of radiation which may cause risks, the number of lives saved is much higher than the possible negative effects, making it worth it overall.
Article Abstract
Introduction/background: In medical imaging a benefit to risk analysis is required when justifying or implementing diagnostic procedures. Screening mammography is no exception and in particular concerns around the use of radiation to help diagnose cancer must be addressed.
Methods: The Medline database and various established reports on breast screening and radiological protection were utilised to explore this review.
Results/discussion: The benefit of screening is well argued; the ability to detect and treat breast cancer has led to a 91% 5-year survival rate and 497 deaths prevented from breast cancer amongst 100,000 screened women. Subsequently, screening guidelines by various countries recommend annual, biennial or triennial screening from ages somewhere between 40-74 years. Whilst the literature presents different perspectives on screening younger and older women, the current evidence of benefit for screening women <40 and ≥75 years is currently not strong. The radiation dose and associated risk delivered to each woman for a single examination is dependent upon age, breast density and breast thickness, however the average mean glandular dose is around 2.5-3 mGy, and this would result in 65 induced cancers and 8 deaths per 100,000 women over a screening lifetime from 40-74 years. This results in a ratio of lives saved to deaths from induced cancer of 62:1.
Conclusion: Therefore, compared to the potential mortality reduction achievable with screening mammography, the risk is small.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2021.12.002 | DOI Listing |
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