The surgical treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has an important adjunctive role and reported outcomes have been generally good; however, the prognostic factors remain unclear. Sixty-one patients with NTM-PD who underwent surgical resection for a therapeutic purpose from January 2000 to March 2017 at five affiliated institutions were enrolled. We explored the factors that influence complications and prognosis by retrospectively referring to the medical records. The mean age of the present cohort was 61.8 ± 11.4 years. The pathogen was complex in 49 patients, in 5. The most common indications were refractory to medication in 39. The surgical techniques employed were lobectomy or further resection in 49, sublobar resection in 8, with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 21. Sputum culture conversion rate was 95.1%. Univariate analysis of factors associated with deterioration revealed significant differences related to age ( = 0.025), pre-operative albumin level ( = 0.001) and development of postoperative complications ( = 0.037), while pre-operative albumin level alone was a significant factor in multivariate analysis ( = 0.009). Outcomes after resection were generally good in the present cases. Nutritional status, as indicated by albumin level, may affect prognosis after surgical treatment.
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