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Remimazolam Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating AKT/GSK-3β/NRF2 Pathway.
Drug Des Devel Ther
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
Introduction: The mechanism of remimazolam, a benzodiazepine that activates γ-aminobutyric acid a (GABAa) receptors, in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is not well understood. Therefore, we explored whether remimazolam activates protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) to attenuate brain I/R injury in transcerebral I/R-injured rats and transoxygenic glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-injured SY5Y cells.
Material And Methods: Remimazolam was added at the beginning of cell and rat reperfusion, and the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was added to inhibit the AKT/GSK-3β/NRF2 pathway 24 h before cellular OGD/R treatment and 30 min before rat brain I/R treatment.
Expanding Ventricular Diverticulum Overlying the Cerebral Hemisphere through an Open-Lip Schizencephalic Cleft: A Report of Two Pediatric Cases.
Pediatr Neurosurg
July 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.
Introduction: Open-lip-type schizencephaly is characterized by trans-cerebral clefts filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the subarachnoid space at the hemisphere surface and the lateral ventricles. Disorders related to CSF retention, including hydrocephalus and arachnoid cysts, have reportedly been associated with open-lip schizencephaly and have induced intracranial hypertension in some cases. However, detailed neuroimaging and surgical treatment findings have rarely been described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscerebral information coordination in directional hippocampus-prefrontal cortex network during working memory based on bimodal neural electrical signals.
Cogn Neurodyn
December 2022
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China.
Working memory (WM) is a kind of advanced cognitive function, which requires the participation and cooperation of multiple brain regions. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are the main responsible brain regions for WM. Exploring information coordination between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during WM is a frontier problem in cognitive neuroscience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAre Transventricular Approaches Associated With Increased Hemorrhage? A Comparative Study in a Series of 624 Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries.
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)
August 2022
Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has advanced tremendously, for both clinical applications and technology. Although DBS surgery is an overall safe procedure, rare side effects, in particular, hemorrhage, may result in devastating consequences. Although there are certain advantages with transventricular trajectories, it has been reasoned that avoidance of such trajectories would likely reduce hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNegligible influence of moderate to severe hyperthermia on blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal parenchymal integrity in healthy men.
J Appl Physiol (1985)
March 2021
University of Windsor, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Department of Kinesiology, Windsor, ON, Canada.
With growing use for hyperthermia as a cardiovascular therapeutic, there is surprisingly little information regarding the acute effects it may have on the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Indeed, relying on animal data would suggest hyperthermia comparable to levels attained in thermal therapy will disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage the cerebral parenchymal cells. We sought to address the hypothesis that controlled passive hyperthermia is not sufficient to damage the NVU in healthy humans.
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