Polyureas (PURs) are a competitive polymer to their analogs, polyurethanes (PUs). Whereas PUs' main functional group is carbamate (urethane), PURs contain urea. In this revision, a comprehensive overview of PUR properties, from synthesis to technical applications, is displayed. Preparative routes that can be used to obtain PURs using diisocianates or harmless reagents such as CO and NH are explained, and aterials, urea monomers and PURs are discussed; PUR copolymers are included in this discussion as well. Bulk to soft components of PUR, as well as porous materials and meso, micro or nanomaterials are evaluated. Topics of this paper include the general properties of aliphatic and aromatic PUR, followed by practical synthetic pathways, catalyst uses, aggregation, sol-gel formation and mechanical aspects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244393 | DOI Listing |
Molecules
September 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
This overview provides insights into organic and metal-organic polymer (OMOP) catalysts aimed at processes carried out in the liquid phase. Various types of polymers are discussed, including vinyl (various functional poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and perfluorinated functionalized hydrocarbons, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
October 2024
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Ionogels are promising for soft iontronics, with their network structure playing a pivotal role in determining their performance and potential applications. However, simultaneously achieving mechanical toughness, low hysteresis, self-healing, and fluorescence using existing network structures is challenging. Drawing inspiration from jellyfish, we propose a novel hierarchical crosslinking network structure design for in situ formation of hyperbranched cluster aggregates (HCA) to fabricate polyurea ionogels to overcome these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMater Horiz
July 2024
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
High-performance elastomers are essential in daily life and various industrial sectors such as personal protection, soft electronics, and vibration control. Nevertheless, despite massive efforts, concurrently achieving ultrahigh flexibility and remarkable impact resistance continues to be elusive. Herein, we report an innovative modular construction strategy that employs a topology-tailoring polymer network consisting of stereoscopic (epoxy-oligosiloxane nanoclusters) and linear (amino-terminated polyurea) building blocks as independent modules to develop intelligent anti-impact elastomers an epoxy-amine mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
October 2023
Dept. of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Pickering emulsions play a significant role in generating advanced materials and have widespread application in personal care products, consumer goods, crude oil refining, energy management, Herein, we report a class of wettability tuned silica-based Pickering emulsifiers which stabilize a diverse range of fluid-fluid interfaces: oil/water, ionic liquid/oil, and oil/oil, and their use to prepare microcapsules interfacial polymerization. To alter particle wettability, colloidal suspensions of SiO particles (22 nm) were modified silanization with reagents of varied hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, giving particles that could be dispersed in solvents that became the continuous phase of the emulsions. To test the viability of this system as templates for the fabrication of composite materials, the different particle-stabilized emulsions were coupled with interfacial polymerization, leading to microcapsules with polyurea/silica shells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
August 2023
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
The development of self-healing materials has gained significance in the medical field to enhance the longevity and reliability of medical devices and implants. Material degradation caused by mechanical stress, environmental factors, and damage during use can lead to failure and necessitate manual inspection and maintenance. Self-healing materials, including polymers and elastomers, offer a promising solution by activating microdamage repair mechanisms.
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