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Cohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy roll-out, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - the multicentre, multimethod PotPrev Study.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.
Smoking-induced shifts in salivary exosomal cytokines and amino acid profiles as potential early biomarkers for oral cancer.
Cytokine
January 2025
Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
Background: Chronic smoking is an established risk factor for oral cancer (OC). The role of tobacco in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) emphasizes the need for non-invasive diagnostic approaches to identify early molecular alterations and improve patient outcomes. Salivary exosomes, which contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, accessible and rich in biological content, making them interesting candidate biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk Kyrgyzstan population as compared to Indians - An Indo-Kyrgyz cardiometabolic study.
J Family Med Prim Care
December 2024
Department of Orthopedics, B.J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most prevalent causes of mortality worldwide, especially significant in low- and middle-income countries. Kyrgyzstan and India represent such nations that face a huge burden of CVD-related deaths globally. Understanding the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in these populations is critical for effective prevention and management strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNtLPA1 overexpression regulates the growth of tobacco and enhances resistance to blight.
Transgenic Res
January 2025
Shaanxi Tobacco Company Baoji City Company, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi, China.
The involvement of Loose Plant Architecture 1 (LPA1) in regulating plant growth and leaf angle has been previously demonstrated. However, the fundamental genetic background remains unidentified. To further understand the tissue expression profile of the NtLPA1 gene, an overexpression vector (pBI121-NtLPA1) was developed and employed to modify tobacco using the leaf disc method genetically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThree-Month Polysubstance Use Patterns Among People Enrolled in Outpatient Treatment for Methamphetamine Use.
Subst Use Misuse
January 2025
National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Background: Polysubstance use is common among people who use methamphetamine. This prospective study examined the three-month polysubstance use profiles among people enrolled in outpatient treatment for methamphetamine use and associated substance use, mental health, and treatment correlates.
Method: The present study used routinely collected client-reported outcome measures data from = 1,507 clients enrolled in outpatient treatment who reported methamphetamine as their primary drug of concern ( = 34.
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