Immunochemical methods for mycotoxin analysis require antigens with well-defined structures and antibodies with outstanding binding properties. Immunoreagents for the mycotoxins alternariol and/or alternariol monomethyl ether have typically been obtained with chemically uncharacterized haptens, and antigen conjugates have most likely been prepared with mixtures of functionalized molecules. For the first time, total synthesis was performed, in the present study, to obtain two haptens with opposite linker attachment locations. The functionalized synthetic haptens were purified and deeply characterized by different spectrometric methods, allowing the preparation of bioconjugates with unequivocal structures. Direct and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using homologous and heterologous conjugates, were employed to extensively evaluate the generated immunoreagents. Antibodies with high affinity were raised from conjugates of both haptens, and a structure-activity relationship between the synthetic haptens and the specificity of the generated antibodies could be established. These results pave the way for the development of novel highly sensitive immunoassays selective of one or two of these mycotoxins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120883 | DOI Listing |
BioTech (Basel)
November 2024
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-Daero, Jinju-si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
Sialic acid is a diverse group of monosaccharides often found on the termini of - and -linked glycans as well as being components of glycoconjugates. Hypersialylation has been associated with the progression of chronic inflammation-mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Given its role in infection and disease-related processes, sialic acid is a promising target for therapeutic approaches that utilize carbohydrate-binding molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
October 2024
Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Cardiolipins (CL) are special lipids in many respects. First of all, CL are composed of four fatty acids linked by two phosphatidic acids, which provide CL a unique molecular structure. Secondly, in eukaryotic cells they are specific to a single organelle, mitochondria, where they are also synthetized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol In Vitro
January 2025
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address:
The MUTZ-3 cell line is a surrogate for Langerhans cells (LCs) employed in New Approach Methodologies for assessing the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals. However, MUTZ-3 cells must first be differentiated to achieve the LC-typical phenotype. As all protocols use high fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations, we aimed at reducing, or even replacing FCS, while maintaining MUTZ-LC characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem
November 2024
Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. Electronic address:
Methamphetamine (METH) substance use disorder is a long-standing and ever-growing public health concern. Efforts to develop successful immunotherapies are ongoing with vaccines that generate strong antibody responses are an area of significant research interest. Herein, we describe the development of a METH Hapten conjugate vaccine comprised of either two short-length peptides as linkers and mannan as an immunogenic delivery carrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2024
Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Engineered outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria are a promising vaccine technology for developing immunity against diverse pathogens. However, antigen display on OMVs can be challenging to control and highly variable due to bottlenecks in protein expression and localization to the bacterial host cell's outer membrane, especially for bulky and complex antigens. Here, we describe methods related to a universal vaccine technology called AvidVax (avidin-based vaccine antigen crosslinking) for rapid and simplified assembly of antigens on the exterior of OMVs during vaccine development.
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