Can fig and olive ameliorate the toxicity induced by 2-nitropropane in some organs of mice? Role of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory gene.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic, renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane (2-NP) in mice, especially if they were used in combination.

Methods: A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each. Mice were categorized into five groups (8 each). Group 1 as negative control. Group 2 as positive control group intraperitoneally injected with 2-NP (100 mg/kg b. w.) 3 times/weekly for eight weeks. Group 3 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with Fig (300 mg/kg). Group 4 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with olive (100 mg/kg). Group 5 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with mixture of Fig and olive (3:1 respectively).

Results: Histopathological observation of liver in mice treated with 2-NP showed cellular degeneration, pyknosis, and congestion of the portal vein. In kidney there were disorganization of the cortical tissues, cellular necrosis and plenty of inflammatory lymphocytic aggregation. Significant elevations in liver function parameters (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cyclooxygenase were detected as anti-inflammatory markers and 5-lipoxygenase, interleukin-1α and interleukin-6 as inflammatory biomarkers for liver and spleen, also significant elevations was detected in lipid peroxidation levels. The levels of antioxidants, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased.

Conclusion: our findings indicated that Fig fruit powder and olive protected against hepatic, renal and splenic injury induced with 2-NP in mice, especially if they were used in combination.