Toxic Pb-containing piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectrics continue to dominate the market even though they were banned from use in consumer products more than a decade ago. There is a strong need for sustainable alternatives, but the lack of facile synthesis routes for thin films exhibiting suitable functional properties have limited the transition from Pb workhorse materials like Pb(Zr,Ti)O and Pb(Mg,Nb)O - PbTiO. Atomic layer deposition has proven capable of the deposition of possible successors, such as LiNbO, (K,Na)NbO and K(Ta,Nb)O, albeit with limited control due to water reservoir effects resulting from the hygroscopicity of intermediate products. In this article, we show that replacing HO with O in the deposition of complex alkali oxides provides an alternative and much more controlled process. We exemplify this by deposition of crystalline K(Ta,Nb)O with high compositional control and over a larger composition range than previously reported. This opens new doors to a simplified synthesis of polar functional lead-free alternatives.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03960a | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430,072, China.
Coordinating the downstream ecological demand and the power generation demand of hydropower stations is an important task in the operation of reservoirs, and how to evaluate the ecological satisfaction of the scheduling process is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. A multi-objective optimal reservoir scheduling model was constructed to coordinate the spawning flow demand of " Four Major Chinese Carps"; The model takes the maximum power generation and the maximum membership degree of downstream river ecological water demand as the objective functions, and uses the dynamic programming multi-objective solution algorithm based on penalty factors to solve the problem, and obtains the non-inferior solution set in each scenario. The multilayer entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was used to study the non-inferior solution of the multi-objective scheduling model of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and the satisfactory solution ranking of the river flow rise process, ecological flow-related requirements, and power generation water requirements was obtained under the four schemes including 4d ~ 7d, which improved the reliability of the evaluation results and made up for the shortcomings of the traditional TOPSIS method in terms of hierarchy and weight science.
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January 2025
School of petroleum engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
Given the suboptimal physical properties and distinctive geological conditions of deep coalbed methane reservoirs, any reservoir damage that occurs becomes irreversible. Consequently, the protection of these deep coalbed methane reservoirs is of paramount importance. This study employs experimental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-CT imaging to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pore structure, mineral composition, fluid characteristics, and wettability of coal seams 3# and 15# in the northern Qinshui Basin of China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
January 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Mineral scaling and scaling-induced wetting are critical issues in membrane distillation (MD) during treatment of saline wastewaters. Gypsum scaling and scaling-induced wetting in MD were successfully regulated by heterogeneous crystallization with in-line granular filtration in this study. Stable water recovery increased from 32.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Nephrol
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
This review article series on water and electrolyte disorders is based on the 'Electrolyte Winter Seminar' held annually for young nephrologists in Japan. The seminar includes lively discussions based on cases, which are also partly included in this series as self-assessment questions. The first article in this series focuses on pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia, a common water and electrolyte disorder in clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Nephrol
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
This review article series on water and electrolyte disorders is based on the 'Electrolyte Winter Seminar' held annually for young nephrologists in Japan. The seminar features dynamic case-based discussions, some of which are included as self-assessment questions in this series. The second article in this series focuses on treatment of hyponatremia, a common water and electrolyte disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice.
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