Prevalence and predictors of polypharmacy among community-based individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of polypharmacy and predictors in community-living people with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Outpatient clinic of the rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: Seventy-five patients with TSCI ≥ 12 months were included in this study.

Assessments: Demographic features were noted. American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) was used to measure the neurological injury severity. Functional status was evaluated by Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) III. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) was used to determine the comorbidities. Daily drug use ≥5 was considered to be polypharmacy.

Results: The mean age was 41.3 ± 16.1 years. The mean injury duration was 55.5 ± 51.6 months. Thirty-nine (52%) patients were married, while 36 (48%) lived alone. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.4 ± 5.1 kg/m². AIS upper and lower extremity motor scores were 45.5 ± 11.1 and 10.3 ± 15.8, respectively. The mean SCIM III score was 56.4 ± 18.8. The mean system involvement number measured by CIRS was 5.2 ± 1.7. Fifty-two (70%) patients were motor complete, while 23 (30%) were motor incomplete. Thirty-eight (50.7%) patients had falls, 28 (37.3%) had car accidents, 6 (8%) had violence, and 3 (4%) had sports-related accidents. The rate of falling history in the last 6 months was 16% (12 patients). Polypharmacy was found in 38 (50.7%) patients. The predictors of the polypharmacy, according to the Regression analysis, were complete injury (Exp (B) . Odds ratio = 7.491), advancing age (Odds ratio = 1.061) and injury duration (Odds ratio = 1.020).

Conclusion: In this study, more than half of the patients with chronic traumatic SCI had polypharmacy. The predictors of polypharmacy were completeness, advancing age, and longer injury duration.