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Plasticity of Extrachromosomal and Intrachromosomal BRAF Amplifications in Overcoming Targeted Therapy Dosage Challenges. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * The study reveals that BRAFV600E FAs exhibit dynamic switching between extrachromosomal and intrachromosomal structures, impacted by genetic changes and existing cell populations, highlighting the complexity of drug resistance.
  • * The research suggests that cells with BRAF FAs, despite being resistant to dual MAPK inhibitors, show increased sensitivity to proferroptotic drugs, indicating potential therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance linked to these amplifications.

Article Abstract

Unlabelled: Focal amplifications (FA) can mediate targeted therapy resistance in cancer. Understanding the structure and dynamics of FAs is critical for designing treatments that overcome plasticity-mediated resistance. We developed a melanoma model of dual MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) resistance that bears BRAFV600 amplifications through either extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)/double minutes (DM) or intrachromosomal homogenously staining regions (HSR). Cells harboring BRAFV600E FAs displayed mode switching between DMs and HSRs, from both de novo genetic changes and selection of preexisting subpopulations. Plasticity is not exclusive to ecDNAs, as cells harboring HSRs exhibit drug addiction-driven structural loss of BRAF amplicons upon dose reduction. FA mechanisms can couple with kinase domain duplications and alternative splicing to enhance resistance. Drug-responsive amplicon plasticity is observed in the clinic and can involve other MAPK pathway genes, such as RAF1 and NRAS. BRAF FA-mediated dual MAPKi-resistant cells are more sensitive to proferroptotic drugs, extending the spectrum of ferroptosis sensitivity in MAPKi resistance beyond cases of dedifferentiation.

Significance: Understanding the structure and dynamics of oncogene amplifications is critical for overcoming tumor relapse. BRAF amplifications are highly plastic under MAPKi dosage challenges in melanoma, through involvement of de novo genomic alterations, even in the HSR mode. Moreover, BRAF FA-driven, dual MAPKi-resistant cells extend the spectrum of resistance-linked ferroptosis sensitivity. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9192483PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0936DOI Listing

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