Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages Exert a Therapeutic Effect via Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritic. | LitMetric
Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages are obtained by stimulation of IL-4 with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effects. Exosomes are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells and have a variety of biological functions. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can influence the course of some autoimmune diseases, but their effect on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has not been reported. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2 macrophage phenotypes in KOA rats. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and DLS. The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the inflammatory response and pathological damage of articular cartilage in KOA rats. In addition, a key protein associated with KOA including Aggrecan, Col-10, SOX6, and Runx2 was significantly increased, while MMP-13 was significantly suppressed following treatment with M2 macrophage exosomes. The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on KOA rats mainly mediated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of KOA.
HCC cell immune escape is a critical element in the evolution of HCC malignancy. Herein, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA NEAT1 in regulating HCC immune escape was investigated. Exosomes were isolated from M2 TAMs using ExoQuick-TC.
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening condition. Recent research has demonstrated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of PH. The composition of these exosomes is often substantially influenced by the characteristics of their parental cells.
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
Macrophage is an important component in the tumor immune microenvironment, which exerts significant influence on tumor development and metastasis. Due to their dual nature of promoting and suppressing inflammation, macrophages can serve as both targets for tumor immunotherapy and tools for treating malignancies. However, the abundant infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages dominated by an immunosuppressive phenotype maintains a pro-tumor microenvironment, and engineering macrophages using nanotechnology to manipulate the tumor immune microenvironment represent a feasible approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Background & Aims: Hepatic immune imbalance is crucial for driving metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression. However, the role of hepatic regulatory T cells (Tregs) in MASLD initiation and the mechanisms responsible for their change are not completely understood.
Methods: A mouse model subjected to a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic early steatosis, along with liver biopsy samples from patients with simple steatosis, and macrophage-specific Notch1-knockout mice (Notch1), were used to investigate the role of Tregs in early MASLD and the effect of hepatic macrophage Notch1 signaling on Treg frequency.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Despite that the clinical application of titanium-based implants has achieved great success, patients' own diseases and/or unhealthy lifestyle habits often lead to implant failure. Many studies have been carried out to modify titanium implants to promote osseointegration and implant success. Recent studies showed that exosomes, proactively secreted extracellular vesicles by mammalian cells, could selectively target and modulate the functions of recipient cells such as macrophages, nerve cells, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are closely involved in implant osseointegration.
