Patients and physicians' attitudes change on fecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease over the past 3 years.

Background: In the past 3 years, increasing data and experience has become available regarding fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, how this increase in knowledge has impacted the attitudes of patients and physicians is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the change of patients' and physicians' attitudes towards FMT for IBD treatment.

Methods: Questionnaires for patient and physician attitude on FMT for IBD were pilot-tested and developed. Patients and physicians from the same groups completed the questionnaires in 2016 and 2019, separately. The attitudes towards efficacy, adverse events, and methodological features of FMT in 2016 were compared with those in 2019.

Results: A total of 1,255 questionnaires from 486 patients and 769 physicians were collected. Over the 3 years, an increased number of patients had heard of FMT and had similarly positive opinions towards using FMT for IBD therapy. Additionally, patients retained the tendency to overestimate the efficacy. The physicians' perceptions became closer to the findings reported in recent studies in 2019 compared with 2016. However, only a minority of patients and physicians understood the frequency required of FMT courses for induction of clinical remission. In particular, both patients and physicians underestimated the risk of mild adverse events and IBD flare.

Conclusions: Patients are receptive towards FMT as therapy for IBD but opportunity remains to improve understanding of benefit and potential risks. Physicians also demonstrated knowledge gaps in use of this therapy. Aligning patient preference and physician knowledge gap will lead to better education and facilitate the development of decision-making guidelines.