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Are we romanticizing traditional knowledge? A plea for more experimental studies in ethnobiology.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
May 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
In answer to the debate question "Is ethnobiology romanticizing traditional practices, posing an urgent need for more experimental studies evaluating local knowledge systems?" I suggest to follow-up on field study results adopting an inclusive research agenda, and challenge descriptive data, theories, and hypotheses by means of experiments. Traditional and local knowledge are generally associated with positive societal values by ethnobiologists and, increasingly also by stakeholders. They are seen as a way for improving local livelihoods, biocultural diversity conservation and for promoting sustainable development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtecting public health and the environment: towards a general ban on cellulose acetate cigarette filters in the European Union.
Front Public Health
December 2023
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
After the establishment of a causal relationship between tobacco use and cancer in the 1950s, cellulose acetate filters were introduced with the claim to reduce the adverse health impact of unfiltered cigarettes. Often perceived to be more pleasant and healthy, filters encouraged smoking. However, filtered cigarettes are more deeply inhaled to obtain the same nicotine demand while altered combustion releases more tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat Kurt Schneider Really Said and What the DSM Has Made of it in Its Different Editions: A Plea to Redefine Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.
Schizophr Bull
January 2024
Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Kurt Schneider has played a leading role in shaping our current view of schizophrenia, placing certain manifestations of delusions and hallucinations at the center of the disorder, especially ideas of persecution and voice-hearing. The first part of this review summarizes Schneider's original ideas and then traces how the different editions of the DSM merged aspects of Kraepelin's, Bleuler's, and Schneider's historical concepts. Special attention is given to the transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, which eliminated much of Schneider's original concept.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe "Partial Innocence" Effect: False Guilty Pleas to Partially Unethical Behaviors.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull
July 2023
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York City, USA.
Although research has focused on the "innocence problem," "partial innocence" may also plague individuals who plead guilty to crimes they did not commit, but that are either comparable, more severe, or less severe than their actual crimes. Using a high-stake experimental paradigm and an immersive role-playing paradigm, we examined the psychology of partial innocence. Students were randomly induced (or imagined themselves) to be innocent, guilty, or partially innocent of committing an academic transgression and then given the choice to accept or reject a deal to avoid disciplinary sanction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReply to Le Turnier et al., "Empirical Treatment in Acute Bacterial Meningitis: a Plea for High Doses of Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone".
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
April 2023
Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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