Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength and longevity of immune responses but may also influence the type of response. In this chapter, we review the adjuvants that are available for use in human vaccines, such as alum, MF59, AS03, and AS01. We extensively discuss their composition, characteristics, mechanism of action, and effects on the immune system. Additionally, we summarize recent trends in adjuvant discovery, providing a brief overview of saponins, TLRs agonists, polysaccharides, nanoparticles, cytokines, and mucosal adjuvants.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_8 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Microsatellites markers fostering the understanding of malaria parasite biology, epidemiology and population genetics.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India. Electronic address:
Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are short tandemly repeated DNA sequences widely dispersed throughout the genome. Their high variability, co-dominant inheritance, and ease of detection make them valuable genetic markers, frequently used to study genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary processes. In the context of malaria research, particularly with Plasmodium falciparum (P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInequalities in ownership and availability of home-based vaccination records in 82 low- and middle-income countries.
BMJ Glob Health
December 2024
Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Introduction: Home-based records (HBRs) are widely used for recording health information including child immunisations. We studied levels and inequalities in HBR ownership in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from national surveys conducted since 2010.
Methods: We used data from national household surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)) from 82 LMICs.
A vaccine combining ORF132 and ORF25 expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces protective immunity in Carassius auratus gibelio against CyHV-2.
Fish Shellfish Immunol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. Electronic address:
CyHV-2 is the pathogen of herpesvirus haematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), resulting in significant economic losses in crucian carp. Although multiple oral vaccines have been developed to prevent CyHV-2, they have not achieved ideal protective effects. To improve the protective effect of oral vaccine, a combination vaccine was conducted by mixing recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying ORF132 or ORF25 on the cell surface in a 1:1 ratio.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDengue virus: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and developments in diagnosis and control - A comprehensive review.
Infect Genet Evol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Dengue flavivirus (DENV) is the virus that causes dengue, one of the most dangerous and common viral diseases in humans that are carried by mosquitoes and can lead to fatalities. Every year, there are over 400 million cases of dengue fever worldwide, and 22,000 fatalities. It has been documented in tropical and subtropical climates in over 100 nations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond protein folding: The pleiotropic functions of PPIases in cellular processes and microbial virulence.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj
December 2024
Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. Electronic address:
Peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases), a ubiquitously distributed superfamily of enzymes, associated with signal transduction, trafficking, assembly, biofilm formation, stress tolerance, cell cycle regulation, gene expression and tissue regeneration, is a key regulator of metabolic disorders and microbial virulence. This review assumes an integrative approach, to provide a holistic overview of the structural and functional diversity of PPIases, examining their conformational dynamics, cellular distribution, and physiological significance. We explore their intricate involvement in cellular processes and virulence modulation in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!