Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the promising alternative energy systems where the catalytic conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy takes places with the help of microorganisms. The basic configuration of MFC consists of three major components such as electrodes (anode and cathode), catalyst (microorganism) and proton transport/exchange membrane (PEM). MFC classified into four types based on the substrate utilized for the catalytic energy conversion process such as Liquid-phase MFC, Solid-phase MFC, Plant-MFC and Algae-MFC. The core performance of MFC is organic substrate oxidation and electron transfer. Microorganisms and electrodes are the key factors that decide the efficiency of MFC system for electricity generation. Microorganism catalysis degradation of organic matters and assist the electron transfer to anode surface, the conductivity of anode material decides the rate of electron transport to cathode through external circuit where electrons are reduced with hydrogen and form water with oxygen. Not limited to electricity generation, MFC also has diverse applications in different sectors including wastewater treatment, biofuel (biohydrogen) production and used as biosensor for detection of biological oxygen demand (BOD) of wastewater and different contaminants concentration in water. This review explains different types of MFC systems and their core performance towards energy conversion and waste management. Also provides an insight on different factors that significantly affect the MFC performance and different aspects of application of MFC systems in various sectors. The challenges of MFC system design, operations and implementation in pilot scale level and the direction for future research are also described in the present review.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133295 | DOI Listing |
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
December 2024
College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
Background And Aim: In dental clinics, disinfecting alginate impression materials is a critical practice to prevent cross-infection. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been explored for their potential antimicrobial properties, making them promising additives for dental materials. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs incorporated into alginate impression materials and assesses the impact on material flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLett Appl Microbiol
January 2025
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India.
Azo dyes constitute 60-70% of commercially used dyes and are complex, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pollutants that negatively impact soil composition, water bodies, flora, and fauna. Conventional azo dye degradation techniques have drawbacks such as high production and maintenance costs, use of hazardous chemicals, membrane clogging, and sludge generation. Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cells (CW-MFCs) offer a promising sustainable approach for the bio-electrodegradation of azo dyes from textile wastewater.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 9, 4020 Linz, Austria.
Vascularized bone grafts have been successfully established for complex bone defects. The integration of three-dimensional (3D) simulation and printing technology may aid in more precise surgical planning and intraoperative bone shaping. The purpose of the present study was to describe the implementation and surgical application of this innovative technology for bone reconstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
January 2025
Qinghai University, College of Chemistry, CHINA.
Mechanofluorochromism (MFC) and mechanoluminescence (ML) materials have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, optical recording, photodynamic therapy, bioimaging, stress sensing, display technology, and ink-free printing paper. Among the various building blocks utilized in these materials, phenothiazine (PTZ) has emerged as a widely employed fundamental component owing to its distinctive electronic and optical properties as well as its facile modification capabilities. Summarizing the recent progress of PTZ derivatives and analogues in this field holds practical significance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Background: Dermatophytes, the primary causative agents of superficial cutaneous fungal infections in humans, present a significant therapeutic challenge owing to the increasing prevalence of recurrent infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance. To address this critical gap, this study was designed to investigate the antifungal potential of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one against dermatophytes and assess its in vivo toxicological profile using brine shrimp and zebrafish embryo models.
Methods: The antifungal activity of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one was evaluated against 30 clinical isolates of dermatophyte species, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) using the broth microdilution method.
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