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Background: IgE-mediated food allergy is accompanied by mucosal mast cell (MMC) hyperplasia in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal MMC numbers correlate with the severity of food allergy symptoms. However, the mechanisms by which MMCs proliferate excessively are poorly understood.

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Sesamin Alleviates Allergen-Induced Diarrhea by Restoring Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Barrier Function.

J Agric Food Chem

January 2025

College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.

Food allergens are the key triggers of allergic diarrhea, causing damage to the immune-rich ileum. This weakens the mucosal barrier and tight junctions, increases intestinal permeability, and exacerbates allergen exposure, thereby worsening the condition. Sesamin, a natural lignan isolated from sesame seed, has shown potential in regulating immune responses, but its effects on intestinal health remain unclear.

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Human intraepithelial mast cell differentiation and effector function are directed by TGF-β signaling.

J Clin Invest

January 2025

Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Mast cells (MCs) expressing a distinctive protease phenotype (MCTs) selectively expand within the epithelium of human mucosal tissues during type 2 (T2) inflammation. While MCTs are phenotypically distinct from subepithelial MCs (MCTCs), signals driving human MCT differentiation and this subset's contribution to inflammation remain unexplored. Here, we have identified TGF-β as a key driver of the MCT transcriptome in nasal polyps.

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Similarly to acute intestinal helminth infection, several conditions of chronic eosinophilic type 2 inflammation of mucosal surfaces, including asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis, feature robust expansions of intraepithelial mast cells (MCs). Also the hyperplastic mucosa of nasal polyposis in the context of chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without COX1 inhibitor intolerance, contains impressive numbers of intraepithelial MCs. In this issue of the JCI, Derakhshan et al.

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Revisiting surfactant protein D: an immune surveillance molecule bridging innate and adaptive immunity.

Front Immunol

January 2025

Department Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a C-type lectin that was originally discovered as a lung surfactant associated phospholipid recognising protein. It was originally shown to be of great importance in surfactant turnover and homeostasis in conjunction with another hydrophilic surfactant protein i.e.

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