Naturally occurring avermectins are allosteric modulators of glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) and possess exceptionally potent anthelmintic, acaricidal, and insecticidal activities. Here, we develop photoswitchable azobenzene-avermectin () derivatives, which can be photoactivated upon ultraviolet irradiation. After illumination, the best compound -AB4″AVM had a 1.88-fold and 2.74-fold insecticidal activity enhancement toward and larvae, respectively-AB4″AVM allows for optical regulation of dorsal unpaired median neuron membrane potential with a 2.15-fold fluorescence intensity decrease after illumination. -AB4″AVM and -AB5AVM enable optical modulation of the behavioral response of larvae with 1- and 4-fold reduced mobility upon irradiation, respectively. The could be used to reversibly manipulate GluCls with light and may be useful for the mechanistic study of macrocyclic lactone insecticides.
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