Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, pathological features and treatment of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPCa).
Methods: We reported 1 case of SCPCa treated in Jinan People's Hospital and analyzed the clinical data on another 57 cases reported in China.
Results: Of the total number of cases, 52 (91.2%) had urinary tract symptoms, including 40 cases of urinary tract obstruction symptoms and 53 (91.2%) had abnormal prostatic nodules on digital rectal examination, 17 (29.8%) with PSA > 4 μg/L. The clinical data on 43 (75.4%) of the cases were valuable for the assessment of clinical stages, including 30 cases with confirmed metastases and another 20 with lymph node and distant metastases. Thirty-seven of the cases (64.9%) were reported with immunohistochemical results, 30 (52.6%) with follow-up data (followed up for 1－24 months, with median survival time of 8 months, and a 1-year survival rate of 16.7%), and another 26 with therapeutic information, 14 treated by chemotherapy, with a median survival time of 11 months and a 1-year survival rate of 28.6%, significantly higher than in the non-chemotherapy groups (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is highly malignant with poor prognosis. Its clinical symptoms mainly include urinary tract obstruction, its definite diagnosis chiefly depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and its treatment recommended is chemotherapy-based comprehensive protocol.
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