Long-term effect of active parenteral nutrition support regimen in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks.

Objectives: To study the long-term effect of active parenteral nutrition support regimen in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks.

Methods: According to the different doses of fat emulsion and amino acids used in the early stage, the preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, who were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours after birth from May to December 2019, were divided into an active parenteral nutrition group and a conventional parenteral nutrition group (=50). Physical indices and the measurements of the Gesell Development Scale were collected at the age of 6 months and 13 months.

Results: At the age of 6 months, the active parenteral nutrition group (=46) had higher developmental quotients of gross motor, fine motor, and personal-social behavior than the conventional parenteral nutrition group (=34) (<0.05). At the age of 13 months, the active parenteral nutrition group (=25) had higher developmental quotients of adaptive behavior, gross motor, and personal-social behavior than the conventional parenteral nutrition group (=19) (<0.05). There were no significant differences in the physical development indices such as body weight, body height, and head circumference between the two groups during follow-up (>0.05).

Conclusions: For preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, an active parenteral nutrition support strategy with high doses of fat emulsion and amino acids within 24 hours after birth can improve their long-term neurodevelopment.