Differences of 2-year longitudinal changes of locomotive syndrome among patients treated with thoracolumbar interbody fusion, total hip arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty for degenerative diseases.

Objectives: To clarify the longitudinal changes in patients with preoperative Stage-3 locomotive syndrome (LS) according to different types of surgeries, we investigated the changes in the LS stage in patients who underwent surgery for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 168 patients with degenerative diseases [46 spinal deformities treated with thoracolumbar interbody fusion (T/LIF), 86 hips with osteoarthritis treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA), and 36 knees with osteoarthritis treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA)]. The results for the LS stage, stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively.

Results: Preoperatively, most patients had Stage-3 LS (89.1, 90.8, and 80.6% in the T/LIF, THA, and TKA groups, respectively). At 2 years postoperatively, the Stage-3 LS improved in 41.5, 75.6, and 55.2% of patients in the T/LIF, THA, and TKA groups, respectively. All groups showed similar improvements in the two-step test. The THA group showed the best result in the GLFS-25.

Conclusions: LS stage improved in different patterns over 2 years postoperatively and the LS risk test revealed differences in postoperative movement ability according to the type of surgery.