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Sniffing out an innate flavour.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
February 2022
Department of Internal/Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Imaging Laboratory, Healthcheck Clinic, 6-20 Kinko-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-0056, Japan.
Sniffing animals as a diagnostic tool in infectious diseases.
Clin Microbiol Infect
April 2020
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Background: Scents and odours characterize some microbes when grown in the laboratory, and experienced clinicians can diagnose patients with some infectious diseases based on their smell. Animal sniffing is an innate behaviour, and animals' olfactory acuity is used for detecting people, weapons, bombs, narcotics and food.
Objectives: We briefly summarized current knowledge regarding the use of sniffing animals to diagnose some infectious diseases and the potential use of scent-based diagnostic instruments in microbiology.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 has critical roles in regulation of the endocrine system and social behaviours.
J Neuroendocrinol
March 2018
Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) is one of the group III mGluRs, which are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gi/Go proteins and localised to presynaptic active zones of the mammalian central nervous system. We previously reported that mGluR7 is essential for intermale aggression and amygdala-dependent fear learning. To elucidate the role of mGluR7 in the neuroendocrine system, we performed biochemical analyses and found a significant reduction of testosterone levels in mGluR7 knockout (KO) mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe nematode displays a chemotaxis behavior to tuberculosis-specific odorants.
J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis
August 2016
Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA.
A simple, affordable diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed to improve detection of active Recently, it has been suggested that animal behavior can be used as a biosensor to signal the presence of human disease. For example, the giant African pouched rats can detect tuberculosis by sniffing sputum specimens while trained honeybees respond to three of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in the breath of TB positive patients by proboscis extension. However, both rats and honeybees require animal housing facilities and professional trainers, which are outside the scope of most disease testing facilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-1β-independent activation of lung immunity in male mice by female odor.
Brain Behav Immun
May 2013
Department of Ecological Mammalian Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
In previous studies, we showed that long-term perception of female odor increases flu virus resistance in male mice. To expand on this finding, we examined the ability of female chemical cues to rapidly induce leukocyte mobilization into male lung tissue as a critical condition of signal-derived respiratory infection risk reduction, which is usually associated with sniffing scent marks. Here, we compared the immune and endocrine effects of female chemical cues and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as common triggers of innate immunity.
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