Angular dependence of polarisation contrast sensitivity in octopus.

Cephalopod photoreceptors are polarisation-sensitive, giving them an ability to discriminate between lights of different angle and degree of polarisation. While colour vision is achieved by comparison of signals of photoreceptors tuned to different parts of light spectra, polarisation vision is achieved by comparison of signals of photoreceptors tuned to different orientations of e-vector. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, polarisation vision is similar to colour vision. In particular, detection of polarised light against an unpolarised background is analogous to detection of chromatic light against grey. The dependence of polarisation contrast sensitivity on the angle of polarisation can be theoretically predicted using a receptor noise limited model in much the same way as it has been done for predicting the shape of the increment threshold spectral sensitivity in animals with colour vision. Here we report angular dependence of polarisation contrast sensitivity in octopus (O. tetricus, Gould 1852) and compare the theoretical predictions of polarisation contrast with the experimental results. Polarisation gratings were generated using LCD screens with removed polarisers and the orientation of polarisation was changed by rotating the screen. Reaction to the stimulus was recorded using a fixation reflex. We show that, in agreement with the theoretical predictions, the maximum contrast sensitivity is achieved at horizontal and vertical orientations of polarisation. Our results demonstrate that the dependence of polarisation contrast sensitivity on the angle of polarisation can be analysed in the same way as the dependence of colour thresholds on wavelength of monochromatic light added to a grey background.