Tumor characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C: Comparative analysis with antiviral therapy-naive patients.

Background: Insufficient and contradictory data are available about the relation between direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Aim: To analyze differences in basic clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics in addition to tumor behavior upon HCC diagnosis between patients with and without a previous history of DAAs exposure.

Methods: This multicenter case-control study included 497 patients with chronic HCV-related HCC, allocated into one of two groups according to their history of antiviral treatment for their HCV.

Results: Group I included 151 HCC patients with a history of DAAs, while 346 patients who had never been treated with DAAs were assigned to group II. A significant difference was observed between both groups regarding basic assessment scores (Child, MELD, and BCLC), which tended to have more advanced liver disease and HCC stage upon diagnosis in group I. However, serum albumin was significantly affected, and serum α-fetoprotein was significantly higher in group II ( < 0.001). In addition, group I showed significant HCC multicentricity than group II, while the incidence of portal vein thrombosis was significantly higher in group I ( < 0.001).

Conclusion: The basic clinical scores and laboratory characteristics of HCC patients are advanced in patients who are naïve to DAAs treatment; however, HCC behavior is more aggressive in DAA-treated patients.