Three-dimensional (3D) culture of organoids from primary cells (wild type) or tumoroids from tumor cells, is used to study the physiological mechanisms in vivo, in order to model normal or tumor tissues more accurately than conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture. The features of this 3D culture, such as the three-dimensional structure, the self-renewal capacity and differentiation are preserved and appropriate to cancer study since their cellular characteristics are very similar to in vivo models. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of organoids and their applications to cancer biology, clinical research and personalized medicine.
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Three-dimensional models: from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research.
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Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas, however, its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers. Due to its rarity, experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology. Conventional cell culture-based research (2D cell culture) is still playing a pivotal role, while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.
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State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
Background: Intestinal ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury (II/RI) is a critical condition that results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to multiple organs. Zinc, an essential trace element, offers protective benefits in several tissues during I/R injury, but its effects on intestinal II/RI remain unclear.
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Cancer Organoids as reliable disease models to drive clinical development of novel therapies.
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Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Beyond consciousness: Ethical, legal, and social issues in human brain organoid research and application.
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Uehiro Division for Applied Ethics, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address:
This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the ethical, legal and social issues in human brain organoid research, with a view to different types of research and applications: in vitro research, transplantation into non-human animals, and biocomputing. Despite the academic and societal attention on the possibility that human brain organoids may be conscious, we have identified diverse issues in human brain organoid research and applications. To guide the complex terrain of human brain organoid research and applications, a multidisciplinary approach that integrates ethical, legal, and social perspectives is essential.
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