Regeneration and reuse of draw solute (DS) is a key challenge in the application of forward osmosis (FO) technologies. Herein, EDTA-Na was studied as a recoverable DS for water extraction by taking advantages of its pH-responsive property. The FO system using EDTA DS achieved a higher water flux of 2.22 ± 0.06 L m h and a significantly lower reverse salt flux (RSF) of 0.06 ± 0.01 g m h, compared to that with NaCl DS having either the same DS concentration or the same Na concentration. The suitable pH range for the application of EDTA DS was between 4.0 and 10.5. A simple recovery method via combined pH adjustment and microfiltration was employed to recover EDTA DS and could achieve the recovery efficiency (at pH 2) of 96.26 ± 0.48%, 97.13 ± 1.03% and 98.56 ± 1.40% by using HSO, HPO and HCl, respectively. The lowest acid cost for DS recovery was estimated from 0.0012 ± 0.0001 to 0.0162 ± 0.0003 $ g by using HSO. The recovered EDTA DS could be reused in the subsequent FO operation and the overall recovery efficiency was 94.4% for four reuse cycles. These results have demonstrated the feasible of EDTA-Na DS and a potentially cost-effective recovery approach, and encouraged further exploration of using EDTA-based compounds as a draw solute for FO applications.
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